A capacitor is a basic electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy in the form of an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across its terminals, positive and negative charges accumulate on the plates, allowing the capacitor to store energy temporarily and release it when needed. Capacitors are measured in farads (F), though most practical capacitors are in microfarads (µF), nanofarads (nF), or picofarads (pF). They are widely used for filtering, smoothing, timing, energy storage, and signal coupling/decoupling in electronic circuits. For example, in power supplies, capacitors smooth out voltage fluctuations, while in audio systems, they block DC and allow AC signals to pass. There are different types of capacitors, such as electrolytic, ceramic, film, tantalum, and supercapacitors, each with specific applications depending on voltage rating, capacitance value, and stability. Because of their versatility, capacitors are found in almost every electronic device, from radios, computers, and mobile phones to motors and power systems.