🔹 What It Is A 2-axis analog joystick module functions like a miniature game controller stick. It provides X-axis and Y-axis readings as analog voltages that represent the position of the joystick. Often comes with a push-button function when pressing down the joystick vertically. 🔹 Key Features Dual-axis: Can detect motion along X-axis (left/right) and Y-axis (up/down). Push-button function: Pressing the stick down triggers a digital signal (optional, most modules have it). Analog outputs: Typically outputs a voltage between 0–5V depending on the position. Compact size: Usually ~35 mm × 35 mm PCB. Mountable: Comes with pins for breadboard or direct wiring to microcontrollers. 🔹 Pinout A standard joystick module usually has 5 pins: Pin Function Description VCC Power supply 3.3V–5V DC GND Ground Connect to system ground VRx X-axis analog output Varies 0–5V as joystick moves left/right VRy Y-axis analog output Varies 0–5V as joystick moves up/down SW Switch / button Digital output: LOW when pressed, HIGH when released 🔹 Working Principle Potentiometer-based sensing The joystick contains two potentiometers (one for each axis). Moving the stick changes resistance → changes voltage output along X or Y. Analog reading Microcontroller reads these voltages using ADC pins (e.g., Arduino analogRead). Button press Pressing the stick connects the switch pin to ground, giving a digital LOW signal. 🔹 Applications Robotics control – controlling motors, servos, or robotic arms. RC vehicles / drones – navigation input. Gaming projects – building DIY game controllers. Cursor or GUI control – interfacing with displays or software. Analog input experiments – learning about ADC and potentiometers. 🔹 Advantages Simple, inexpensive, widely available. Provides smooth, continuous analog control. Can detect 2D position + button press with a single module.